` - Heading hierarchy violations (skipping levels, multiple `<h1>`) - ARIA roles used incorrectly (e.g., `role="button"` without keyboard handler) - Missing `aria-live` regions for dynamic content updates **Medium-priority checks (P2 candidates):** - Missing skip-to-content link in layouts - Focus order that doesn't match visual order - Missing focus styles (`:focus-visible` or `:focus`) - Modals/dropdowns without Escape key dismissal **Enhancement checks (P3 candidates):** - `prefers-reduced-motion` not respected for animations - Decorative images using descriptive alt instead of `alt=""` - ARIA attributes that could be simplified with semantic HTML - Missing `autocomplete` on form fields If a11y testing tools are configured, suggest running them: ```bash # If jest-axe is available npm run test -- --grep "a11y\|accessibility\|axe" # If Playwright with axe is available npx playwright test --grep "a11y" # If eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y is configured npx eslint --rule '{"jsx-a11y/*": "error"}' src/ ``` ### Phase 3: Manual Review #### Keyboard Navigation Checklist - [ ] Can every interactive element be reached with Tab? - [ ] Is focus order logical (matches visual reading order)? - [ ] Are focus styles visible on all interactive elements? - [ ] Can modals and dropdowns be dismissed with Escape? - [ ] Is there a skip-to-content link on pages with navigation? - [ ] Do custom widgets support expected keyboard patterns? (Arrow keys for tabs, Space/Enter for buttons) - [ ] Is there no keyboard trap? (Focus can always move away from any element) #### Screen Reader Checklist - [ ] Are headings used hierarchically (h1 > h2 > h3, no skipped levels)? - [ ] Do informational images have descriptive `alt` text? - [ ] Do decorative images have empty `alt=""` (or `role="presentation"`)? - [ ] Are ARIA labels meaningful and non-redundant? - [ ] Do dynamic updates use `aria-live` regions (polite for non-urgent, assertive for urgent)? - [ ] Are error messages associated with their inputs (`aria-describedby` or `aria-errormessage`)? - [ ] Do interactive elements have accessible names? - [ ] Are form groups labeled with `<fieldset>`/`<legend>` or `role="group"` with `aria-labelledby`? #### Motion and Visual Checklist - [ ] Is `prefers-reduced-motion` media query respected? - [ ] Do animations have pause/stop controls (or are under 5 seconds)? - [ ] Is content readable at 200% zoom without horizontal scrolling? - [ ] Does the layout reflow at 320px width without horizontal scroll? - [ ] Is color never the only means of conveying information? - [ ] Does text contrast meet minimum ratios (4.5:1 normal, 3:1 large text)? - [ ] Do UI component boundaries meet 3:1 contrast against adjacent colors? ### Phase 4: Report Use P0-P3 severity levels: | Severity | Definition | Examples | |----------|-----------|----------| | **P0 Critical** | Users cannot complete a task at all | No keyboard access to submit button, form with no labels, interactive `div` with no role | | **P1 High** | Significant barrier for assistive tech users | Poor color contrast on body text, missing alt on informational images, heading hierarchy broken | | **P2 Medium** | Usability degradation but workaround exists | Missing skip link, focus order quirks, no `aria-live` on toast notifications | | **P3 Low** | Enhancement opportunity | Decorative image could use `alt=""`, ARIA could be simplified, autocomplete missing | #### Report Format ```markdown ## Accessibility Review: [scope description] ### Scope - **Files reviewed:** [count] - **WCAG level:** [A / AA / AAA] - **UI framework:** [React / Vue / Svelte / etc.] - **Existing a11y tooling:** [jest-axe, eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y, etc. or "None detected"] ### HIGH Confidence Findings #### Finding 1: [WCAG Criterion] — [Issue Summary] - **Severity:** P0 Critical / P1 High - **WCAG:** [criterion number and name] - **Location:** `file.tsx:line` - **Affected code:** ```tsx [the actual code] ``` - **User impact:** [Who is affected and how — keyboard users, screen reader users, etc.] - **Evidence:** [Why no mitigation exists — what was checked] - **Recommended fix:** ```tsx [specific code fix] ``` _(Repeat for each HIGH finding, or "No HIGH confidence findings.")_ ### MEDIUM Confidence — Needs Verification These may be real issues but require runtime or manual testing to confirm: 1. **[WCAG Criterion]** — `file.tsx:line` — [Why uncertain: "Contrast depends on runtime theme" / "Shared layout may provide skip link"] _(Or "None.")_ ### Summary Table | # | Severity | WCAG | Issue | Location | Confidence | |---|----------|------|-------|----------|------------| | 1 | P0 | 2.1.1 | No keyboard access on dropdown | `Menu.tsx:42` | HIGH | | 2 | P1 | 1.1.1 | Missing alt text | `Hero.tsx:15` | HIGH | ### Pre-Conclusion Audit | Item | Status | |------|--------| | Files in scope reviewed | X / Y | | Keyboard navigation checked | Yes / No | | Screen reader semantics checked | Yes / No | | Color and contrast checked | Yes / No | | WCAG criteria covered | X / [total for level] | | Shared components checked for mitigations | Yes / No | ### Conclusion [Overall accessibility posture assessment] --- **Recommendation:** [Compliant / Needs P0-P1 fixes before release / Needs deeper audit with assistive technology] ``` #### Clean Review Template When no issues are found: ```markdown ## Accessibility Review: [scope] **Files reviewed:** [count] **WCAG level:** AA **Criteria checked:** [count] **Findings:** None No accessibility violations found at HIGH or MEDIUM confidence. This does not guarantee full WCAG compliance — it means static code analysis did not identify issues in the reviewed scope. Manual testing with assistive technology is recommended for full conformance verification. ``` ### Phase 5: Fix (Optional, With Approval) After presenting the report: 1. **Offer to fix P0/P1 issues** — "I found [N] critical/high issues. Want me to fix them?" 2. **GATE: User must approve before any changes** — Do not modify files without explicit approval 3. **Fix in priority order** — P0 first, then P1 4. **Add a11y tests for fixed issues** — If jest-axe or similar is available, add regression tests 5. **Run verification** — Confirm fixes don't break existing tests ## Quick Reference | Task | Command | |------|---------| | Review specific files | `/accessibility-review --files=src/components/Modal.tsx` | | Review a component | `/accessibility-review --component=LoginForm` | | AAA conformance check | `/accessibility-review --wcag-level=AAA` | | Full project audit | `/accessibility-review`

--- name: accessibility-review description: Systematic WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility audit with confidence-based reporting. Scans UI components for keyboard, screen reader, and visual accessibility issues. Use for pre-release audits or after major UI changes. triggers: - accessibility audit - WCAG check - a11y review - screen reader - keyboard navigation --- # Accessibility Review > **Purpose:** Systematic accessibility audit against WCAG 2.1 AA > **Mode:** Read-only by default — fixes require approval > **Usage:** `/accessibility-review [scope flags] [component or page]` ## Iron Laws 1. **ACCESSIBILITY IS NOT OPTIONAL** — Every interactive element must be keyboard accessible. Every image must have alt text. Every form must have labels. No exceptions, no "we'll add it later." 2. **TEST WITH REAL TOOLS** — Do not guess at accessibility. Run axe-core, test with keyboard navigation, verify screen reader announcements. Assumptions are not evidence. 3. **SEVERITY REFLECTS USER IMPACT** — A missing skip link is not the same as a completely inaccessible form. Prioritize by how many users are blocked and how severely. ## Constraints - **Confidence-based reporting** — HIGH: report, MEDIUM: flag as needs verification, LOW: do not report - **Don't invent issues** — If nothing found, say "clean review" (this is a valid outcome) - **Research the entire codebase** before reporting — check for shared components, theme providers, layout wrappers - **No framework FUD** — Don't flag things the framework already handles (e.g., Next.js `` requires alt, React Native accessibility props) - **Evidence required** — Every finding must include the specific code AND explain which users are affected > **Note:** Command examples use `npm` as default. Adapt to the project's package manager per `ai-assistant-protocol` — Project Commands. ## When to Use - UI component review (new or modified) - Pre-release accessibility audit - After major UI changes or redesigns - New page or feature with interactive elements - WCAG compliance check before launch ## When NOT to Use - Non-visual code (APIs, CLI tools, backend services) - Purely design review (colors, spacing) — ask designer - Performance audit — use `/validate` - Security review — use `/security-review` ## Scope Flags | Flag | Description | |------|-------------| | `--files=` | Review specific files or directories | | `--wcag-level=` | Target conformance level (default: AA) | | `--component=` | Review a specific component and its variants | | (none) | Review all UI files (will ask to confirm scope) | ## Confidence Levels | Level | Criteria | Action | |-------|----------|--------| | **HIGH** | Confirmed violation + code evidence + no mitigation found | Report as finding | | **MEDIUM** | Possible violation but shared component may handle it, or runtime behavior unclear | Report as "needs verification" | | **LOW** | Theoretical concern, framework-mitigated, or requires unlikely conditions | Do not report | ## Do Not Flag Skip these — they produce noise, not signal: - Test files and test fixtures - Storybook decorator wrappers (review the stories themselves, not decorators) - Server-only code with no rendered output - Components that are never rendered directly (abstract base components) - Framework-provided components with built-in accessibility (e.g., Radix UI, Headless UI) - Decorative images that already have `alt=""` ## Workflow ### Phase 1: Scope Identify what to review: ```bash # Find UI files find . -type f \( -name "*.tsx" -o -name "*.jsx" -o -name "*.vue" -o -name "*.svelte" \) | head -100 # If --files flag, scope to those paths # If --component flag, find that component and its usage ``` 1. **Categorize UI files** — Pages, layouts, components, modals, forms 2. **Check for existing a11y setup:** - Testing: `jest-axe`, `@axe-core/playwright`, `@axe-core/react` - Linting: `eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y`, `eslint-plugin-vuejs-accessibility` - Component library: Does it have built-in a11y? (Radix, Headless UI, Ark UI) 3. **Note the UI framework** — React, Vue, Svelte, Angular, etc. 4. **Identify WCAG level** — A, AA (default), or AAA If scope is large (>30 components), present categories and ask user which to focus on. ### Phase 2: Automated Scan Review code for common violations (see `references/wcag-checklist.md`): **Critical checks (P0 candidates):** - Interactive elements not reachable by keyboard (`div` with `onClick` but no `role`/`tabIndex`) - Form inputs without associated labels (`` or `aria-label`/`aria-labelledby`) - Images without `alt` attributes - Missing `lang` attribute on `` **High-priority checks (P1 candidates):** - Color contrast issues (if theme tokens or CSS variables are available) - Missing document/page `` - Heading hierarchy violations (skipping levels, multiple `<h1>`) - ARIA roles used incorrectly (e.g., `role="button"` without keyboard handler) - Missing `aria-live` regions for dynamic content updates **Medium-priority checks (P2 candidates):** - Missing skip-to-content link in layouts - Focus order that doesn't match visual order - Missing focus styles (`:focus-visible` or `:focus`) - Modals/dropdowns without Escape key dismissal **Enhancement checks (P3 candidates):** - `prefers-reduced-motion` not respected for animations - Decorative images using descriptive alt instead of `alt=""` - ARIA attributes that could be simplified with semantic HTML - Missing `autocomplete` on form fields If a11y testing tools are configured, suggest running them: ```bash # If jest-axe is available npm run test -- --grep "a11y\|accessibility\|axe" # If Playwright with axe is available npx playwright test --grep "a11y" # If eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y is configured npx eslint --rule '{"jsx-a11y/*": "error"}' src/ ``` ### Phase 3: Manual Review #### Keyboard Navigation Checklist - [ ] Can every interactive element be reached with Tab? - [ ] Is focus order logical (matches visual reading order)? - [ ] Are focus styles visible on all interactive elements? - [ ] Can modals and dropdowns be dismissed with Escape? - [ ] Is there a skip-to-content link on pages with navigation? - [ ] Do custom widgets support expected keyboard patterns? (Arrow keys for tabs, Space/Enter for buttons) - [ ] Is there no keyboard trap? (Focus can always move away from any element) #### Screen Reader Checklist - [ ] Are headings used hierarchically (h1 > h2 > h3, no skipped levels)? - [ ] Do informational images have descriptive `alt` text? - [ ] Do decorative images have empty `alt=""` (or `role="presentation"`)? - [ ] Are ARIA labels meaningful and non-redundant? - [ ] Do dynamic updates use `aria-live` regions (polite for non-urgent, assertive for urgent)? - [ ] Are error messages associated with their inputs (`aria-describedby` or `aria-errormessage`)? - [ ] Do interactive elements have accessible names? - [ ] Are form groups labeled with `<fieldset>`/`<legend>` or `role="group"` with `aria-labelledby`? #### Motion and Visual Checklist - [ ] Is `prefers-reduced-motion` media query respected? - [ ] Do animations have pause/stop controls (or are under 5 seconds)? - [ ] Is content readable at 200% zoom without horizontal scrolling? - [ ] Does the layout reflow at 320px width without horizontal scroll? - [ ] Is color never the only means of conveying information? - [ ] Does text contrast meet minimum ratios (4.5:1 normal, 3:1 large text)? - [ ] Do UI component boundaries meet 3:1 contrast against adjacent colors? ### Phase 4: Report Use P0-P3 severity levels: | Severity | Definition | Examples | |----------|-----------|----------| | **P0 Critical** | Users cannot complete a task at all | No keyboard access to submit button, form with no labels, interactive `div` with no role | | **P1 High** | Significant barrier for assistive tech users | Poor color contrast on body text, missing alt on informational images, heading hierarchy broken | | **P2 Medium** | Usability degradation but workaround exists | Missing skip link, focus order quirks, no `aria-live` on toast notifications | | **P3 Low** | Enhancement opportunity | Decorative image could use `alt=""`, ARIA could be simplified, autocomplete missing | #### Report Format ```markdown ## Accessibility Review: [scope description] ### Scope - **Files reviewed:** [count] - **WCAG level:** [A / AA / AAA] - **UI framework:** [React / Vue / Svelte / etc.] - **Existing a11y tooling:** [jest-axe, eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y, etc. or "None detected"] ### HIGH Confidence Findings #### Finding 1: [WCAG Criterion] — [Issue Summary] - **Severity:** P0 Critical / P1 High - **WCAG:** [criterion number and name] - **Location:** `file.tsx:line` - **Affected code:** ```tsx [the actual code] ``` - **User impact:** [Who is affected and how — keyboard users, screen reader users, etc.] - **Evidence:** [Why no mitigation exists — what was checked] - **Recommended fix:** ```tsx [specific code fix] ``` _(Repeat for each HIGH finding, or "No HIGH confidence findings.")_ ### MEDIUM Confidence — Needs Verification These may be real issues but require runtime or manual testing to confirm: 1. **[WCAG Criterion]** — `file.tsx:line` — [Why uncertain: "Contrast depends on runtime theme" / "Shared layout may provide skip link"] _(Or "None.")_ ### Summary Table | # | Severity | WCAG | Issue | Location | Confidence | |---|----------|------|-------|----------|------------| | 1 | P0 | 2.1.1 | No keyboard access on dropdown | `Menu.tsx:42` | HIGH | | 2 | P1 | 1.1.1 | Missing alt text | `Hero.tsx:15` | HIGH | ### Pre-Conclusion Audit | Item | Status | |------|--------| | Files in scope reviewed | X / Y | | Keyboard navigation checked | Yes / No | | Screen reader semantics checked | Yes / No | | Color and contrast checked | Yes / No | | WCAG criteria covered | X / [total for level] | | Shared components checked for mitigations | Yes / No | ### Conclusion [Overall accessibility posture assessment] --- **Recommendation:** [Compliant / Needs P0-P1 fixes before release / Needs deeper audit with assistive technology] ``` #### Clean Review Template When no issues are found: ```markdown ## Accessibility Review: [scope] **Files reviewed:** [count] **WCAG level:** AA **Criteria checked:** [count] **Findings:** None No accessibility violations found at HIGH or MEDIUM confidence. This does not guarantee full WCAG compliance — it means static code analysis did not identify issues in the reviewed scope. Manual testing with assistive technology is recommended for full conformance verification. ``` ### Phase 5: Fix (Optional, With Approval) After presenting the report: 1. **Offer to fix P0/P1 issues** — "I found [N] critical/high issues. Want me to fix them?" 2. **GATE: User must approve before any changes** — Do not modify files without explicit approval 3. **Fix in priority order** — P0 first, then P1 4. **Add a11y tests for fixed issues** — If jest-axe or similar is available, add regression tests 5. **Run verification** — Confirm fixes don't break existing tests ## Quick Reference | Task | Command | |------|---------| | Review specific files | `/accessibility-review --files=src/components/Modal.tsx` | | Review a component | `/accessibility-review --component=LoginForm` | | AAA conformance check | `/accessibility-review --wcag-level=AAA` | | Full project audit | `/accessibility-review` | </article></body></html>

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